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615,000 people in the U.S. have this inner ear condition, with 45,500 new cases diagnosed every year. 

Meniere’s disease (sometimes called Meniere's syndrome) is a chronic inner ear disorder that affects balance and hearing. While it’s relatively rare, having it can interfere with your daily life.

In this article, we’ll look at causes, common symptoms, and what treatments can help you manage the condition and get back to your life.

What is Meniere’s Disease?

Meniere’s disease affects the inner ear and can lead to vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss, among other symptoms.

 

While the disorder usually affects only one ear, 15-25% of people living with Meniere’s disease will find both ears are affected.

 

What Causes Meniere’s Disease?

While the exact cause of Meniere’s disease is not well understood, researchers believe it may be linked to:

Is Meniere's Disease Genetic?

There is research to suggest that some people may have a genetic predisposition for the disease

Common Symptoms

This disorder is characterized by symptoms varying in severity and frequency, making it unpredictable and challenging to manage. Here are a few common Meniere's disease symptoms:

  • Vertigo. Sudden episodes of vertigo, a sensation of spinning or rotation, that can last from minutes to hours, often accompanied by nausea.
  • Hearing Loss. Primarily unilateral, fluctuating hearing loss, particularly in the low frequencies. For some, hearing loss can become worse or even permanent over time.
  • Tinnitus.  A persistent ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in the affected ear(s).
  • Ear Fullness. A sensation of pressure or fullness in the ear. This often occurs right before vertigo sets in.

These symptoms typically come in episodes, which are categorized into four stages.

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The 4 Stages of Meniere's Disease

Meniere's syndrome progresses through four stages, each with varying symptoms and severity:

Early Stage

Intermediate Stage

Late Stage

Burnout Stage

Early Stage

Symptoms

Sudden and unpredictable vertigo attacks lasting minutes or hours. These attacks are typically accompanied by tinnitus, ear fullness, and fluctuating hearing loss.
Tinnitus

Intermediate Stage

Symptoms

Vertigo episodes become less frequent, but hearing loss and tinnitus may worsen. Some individuals experience prolonged periods without symptoms.
Young woman suffering from ear pain sitting in bed

Late Stage

Symptoms

Vertigo becomes rare, but balance problems and significant, often permanent, hearing loss in the affected ear persist. Tinnitus and ear fullness may continue.
Depressed woman

Burnout Stage

Symptoms

Vertigo attacks typically stop but hearing loss and balance issues remain. Hearing loss is usually severe or complete in the affected ear.
Man getting hearing exam

Treatment Options

If you receive a Meniere's disease diagnosis, you don’t have to feel powerless. While there isn’t currently a cure, various Meniere's disease treatment strategies can help with symptom management:

Lifestyle and Dietary Changes: Foods to Avoid

You can try making these adjustments to mitigate and manage symptoms.

  • Low-Sodium Diet. Reducing salt intake may help prevent fluid buildup in the inner ear.
  • Hydration. Staying well-hydrated may help regulate inner ear fluid levels.
  • Avoiding Triggers. Caffeine, alcohol and tobacco can exacerbate symptoms.

Alcohol is a trigger for many hearing-related conditions, including alcohol and tinnitus. If you notice a connection between alcohol and your hearing, be sure to consult a specialist.

Medicine for Meniere's Disease

These medications can include diuretics, which help reduce fluid buildup in the inner ear; anti-vertigo medications; and anti-nausea drugs to help you manage nausea and vomiting during vertigo attacks.

Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy (VRT)

VRT is a physical therapy that improves balance and reduces dizziness. It does this by retraining the brain to compensate for inner ear dysfunction.

Hearing Aids and Assistive Devices

If you notice progressing hearing loss, hearing aids can help. Our team of audiologists can help assess your hearing loss and work to find the right hearing aid styles for your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Find a hearing clinic near you. 

Surgical and Advanced Treatments

Surgeries or advanced treatments may be necessary for severe cases that don’t respond to the options listed above. Talk to your healthcare professional to learn more. 

Who treats Meniere's disease?

This disorder is typically treated by a combination of healthcare professionals, including ENT Doctors, Neurologists, Vestibular Therapists, and Audiologists.

Life With This Chronic Disorder

Since Meniere’s disease is often a progressing condition, it’s important to find ways to manage stress and adopt coping strategies. If you experience emotional distress, look for local support groups and seek counseling.

 

Here are a few other questions people typically have related to this condition: 

 

What is the Meniere's disease ICD code?

The code for Meniere’s disease is ICD-10 code H81.0. This medical classification is listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) under the range “Diseases of the ear and mastoid process.” This code can help when you're talking to your insurance company.

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Do you lose your license with Meniere's disease?

For some, Meniere's disease and driving aren’t mutually exclusive. However, symptoms can affect your ability to drive safely. Some states require those with the condition to report it to their local DMV.  Check with your state’s DMV or a medical professional to better understand next steps. 

Improve Your Quality of Life

Meniere’s disease can be challenging to live with, but with the right management strategies, you can work to get your life back. If you or someone you know struggles with hearing loss due to Meniere’s disease, make an appointment to talk to one of our dedicated audiologists.

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Get Tested

If these symptoms sound familiar, schedule a Meniere's disease test with an ENT. When you need to talk to an audiologist to address ongoing hearing issues, use our clinic locator to find the best option for you.

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